1. Science is a source of progress. 2. It develops the world we live in. 3. Our century is an epoch of great discoveries and technological revolution. 4. Today science has become the most important factor in the development of economy. 5. Scientific progress serves the interests of society, helps to increase the well - being of people and develops public education. 6. Computer technology plays the most important role in the progress of science. 7. The com­puter, followed by the Internet, has opened a lot of opportunities for people throughout the world. 8. In recent years scientists of the world have achieved great success in the development of physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, psychology. 9. But science may be turned both for peace and military purpose. 10. On the other hand, researches help us in our life: at home, at work, at school and make the level of the country development higher. 11. There are a lot of outstanding scientists in the history of mankind. 12. Ukraine has given the world many famous scientists and inventors. 13. Every educated person knows the names of V. Vernadsky, Y. Paton, B. Paton, V. Filatov, M. Amosov and many others. 14. We are proud of them!

 

THE INVENTOR’S QUIZ

1. An act of inventing, contrivance of that which did not exist before. (invention)
2. That which is devised, contrivance. (device)
3. One versed in science; a scientific man. (scientist)
4. An operation designed to discover something unknown or to establish it when discovered.(experiment)
5. A man with uncommon intellectual faculties. (genius)
6. The act of inspiring, the state of being inspired. (inspiration)
7. One who invents, a contriver. (inventor)
8. To bring before the public. (introduce)
9. One skilled in physics, a natural philosopher. (physicist)
10. Condition of being necessary, need. (necessity)

 

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IVAN PULYUI

Ivan Pulyui was born on the 2^nd of February, 1845, in the village of Hrymayliv near Ternopil. He was a Ukrainian physicist, inventor and Ukrainian patriot who has been championed as an early developer of the use of X-rays for medical imaging. His contributions were large neglected until the end of the 20^th century.

He studied at the universities of Vienna and Strasbourg. He served as a rector at the Higher Technical School in Prague.

Pulyui, as a result of experiments into what we called cold light, is reputed to have developed an X-ray emitting device as early as 1881. Pulyui reputedly first demonstrated an X-ray photograph of a 13-year-old boy’s broken arm and an X-ray photograph of his daughter’s hand with a pin lying under it. The device became known as the Pulyui lamp and was mass - produced for a period. Reputedly, Pulyui personally presented one to Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen who went on to be credited as the major developer of the technology.

Pulyui published his scientific paper, Luminous Electrical Matter and the Fourth State of Matter in the Notes of the Austrian Imperial Academy of Sciences (1880 – 1883), but expressed his ideas in an obscure manner using obsolete terminology. Pulyui did gain some recognition when the work was translated and published as a book by the Royal Society in the United Kingdom.

Pulyui made many other discoveries as well. He is particularly noted for inventing a device for determining the mechanical equivalent of heat that was exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in, Paris, 1878.

Pulyui died on the 31^st of January, 1918, in Prague.

The technical university in Ternopil is named after this great Ukrainian scientist.

“The name Ivan Pulyui belongs to those who formed the world at the turn of the centuries,”- said the science historian Wilhelm Formann.

COMPREHENSION TASK ON THE TEXT "Ivan Pulyui"

TASK 1. FIND THE  ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS :

1.	У селі Гримайлів
2.	Український фізик, винахідник
3.	Першовідкривач використання проміння
4.	Його досягнення були знехтувані
5.	Займав посаду ректора
6.	Винайшов випромінюючий прилад
7.	Рентгенівський знімок руки його дочки
8.	Став відомий як лампа Пулюя
9.	Певний час був у масовому виробництві
10.	Вважається головним розробником технології
11.	Питання світлової електрики
12.	Використав застарілу термінологію
13.	Опублікована книга королівською спілкою
14.	Визначення механічного еквіваленту теплоти
15.	Зазнав певного визнання
16.	Австрійська імперська академія наук
17.	Був представлений на всесвітній виставці
18.	31 січня у Празі
19.	Названий  іменем великого вченого
20.	Належить до тих, хто будував світ

TASK 2. MARK THE STATEMENTS ON THE TEXT AS T ( TRUE ) OR F ( FALSE)

1.	Ivan Pulyui was born in Hrymayliv on February, 2, 1845.
2.	He was a famous Polish scientist and patriot.
3.	Pulyui was the first developer of use of X- rays for medical imaging.
4.	He was a rector of Vienna university.
5.	Pulyui served as a rector at the Higher Technical School in Prague.
6.	He made many experiments into what we called cold light.
7.	Pulyui personally presented his device to Wilhelm Roentgen.
8.	Pulyui demonstrated an X- ray photo of his daughter’s broken hand.
9.	His scientific work had the title ’’The discovery of X- rays and their usage”
10.	His contributions were neglected until the end of the twentieth century.